Prius free essay sample

Investigation of 4P’s †Product, Place, Price, Promotion f. SWOT Analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Prius g. Contenders Against Toyota Prius h. Target Market of Toyota Prius 3. Goals a. Corporate Objectives b. IMC Objectives 4. Time span 5. Advancement Strategies a. Print Advertising b. Web Advertising c. Sponsorship Activity d. Presentation 6. Advancement Budget 7. Index 8. References 1. EXECUTION SUMMARY This Integrated Marketing Communications Proposal is a one-year interchanges plan, which is to be propelled in Hong Kong, for the Toyota Prius. It plans to additionally raise the familiarity with the Prius and thus increment the piece of the pie and deal. Market investigation distinguished the objective market, which comprises of two gatherings: private and corporate purchasers. Thus an interchanges system that utilizes different media has been made. Paper and vehicle magazines as the print notices, the Internet, sponsorship action and show will be the fundamental media. The Creative procedure is intended to underscore the one of a kind selling purposes of the Prius and debilitate the objective markets complaints. The financial plan (HK$1,000,000) has been apportioned for the occasions and promotions this year. Most of the spending will be spent on the 2 two-day display, trailed by the print promoting. 2. Circumstance ANALYSIS a. Foundation Information of Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota is a Japanese vehicle fabricating organization established by Sakichi Toyoda in 1937. They have four key methodologies which focus on consumer loyalty, quality confirmation, persistent improvement and decrease of waste. Toyota has made different kinds of vehicles, for example, Corolla and Carmy. After ceaseless improvement, Toyota is probably going to be the smash hit on the planet this year as far as deals. . Correspondence History of Toyota Motor Corporation Crown Motors, the nearby office of Toyota, has distributed different promotions for its vehicles through papers, magazines, TV plugs, displays and sponsorships, and so on. Be that as it may, there are simply not many neighborhood support exercises and shows for Prius and hence it is still new to nearby drivers. c. Foundation Information of Toyota Prius Toyota Prius is one of the universes first monetarily mass-created and showcased half and half autos. It discharged in Japan in 1997 and afterward worldwide in 2000. Before the finish of 2003, about 160,000 units had been delivered available to be purchased in Japan, Europe and North America. In Latin, â€Å"Prius† implies previously or first. Advances applied in the Prius are pristine and propelled thoughts with the goal that the Prius suits the name for the arrangement. The Prius has won various honors, which are demonstrated as follows. d. Grants Attained by Toyota Prius †¢ 1997â€98  ¦ Car of the Year Japan †¢ 2003  ¦ Scientific American names Toyota Motor Corporation as Business Leader of the Year (Scientific American 50; December, 2003) for its solitary achievement in the commercialization of reasonable half and half vehicles. 2004  ¦ Motor Trend Car of the Year  ¦ Car and Driver Magazines Ten Best List  ¦ North American Car of the Year Award †¢ 2005  ¦ European Car of the Year e. Examination of 4P’s †Product, Place, Price, Promotion The Prius was discharged locally in 1999. Aside from the eno rmous happy with driving condition, it was the principal vehicle that presented the â€Å"Hybrid Synergy Drive†, which enables the vehicle to turn out to be astoundingly fuel affordable. The conveyance of the Prius is mostly situated at the six neighborhood Crown showrooms. The cost of the Prius is around HK$230,000 which is somewhat higher than the ther arrangement or Japanese vehicles since Toyota situated it as trend setting innovation vehicle with the highlights of ecological well disposed and fuel-sparing advancements. The significant advancement channels utilized were shows, vehicle magazines and sponsorships of ecological security occasions. As per the past brand advancement of Toyota, papers, TV plugs and the Internet were additionally utilized. f. SWOT Analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Prius I. Quality Toyota is Japan’s biggest and the world’s third biggest vehicle maker with confirmation of unwavering quality and excellent picture. Toyota was one of the principal makers to present the idea of â€Å"Just in Time† creation that permits to lessen working expense and overheads and to react to client request snappier. The yearly spending plan for RD is set at the most elevated among vehicle producers for different exploration revolves far and wide. This readiness to contribute has presented to Toyota an inventive picture and made items, for example, the Prius. The Prius has cutting edge innovations which focus on ecological insurance. It lets drivers spare fuel and consequently needs low support cost over the long haul at moderate cost. I. Shortcoming Reputation of Toyota isn't sufficient to persuade purchasers who like to communicate with their decision of vehicle, hence favor vehicles with higher eminence from producers, for example, Mercedes. Appearance of the Prius may generally not as remarkable and appealing to likely purchasers. As indicated by Wikipedia, the Prius has been censured for its feel and de aling with attributes. Toyotas life cycle evaluation shows that the measure of vitality required to make a Prius is higher than that of a comparative gas fueled vehicle. iii. Openings Toyota’s new half and half innovation has demonstrated exceptionally fruitful worldwide and as of now made a few brand expansions and determined models. Toyota could get the advantages of being the first in the market, as of now 90% piece of the overall industry in half breed vehicles. The presentation of new models in developing sections offers openings. The Internet likewise helps the showcasing of vehicles, in this manner improve interchanges and decrease working expense by offering on the web showroom, web based booking of test drives, closest vendor locator, web based buying and e-pamphlets, and so on. Increment in fuel costs can likewise be treated as one of our chances as the Prius is fuel-traditionalist vehicle. iv. Dangers Major danger originates from rich and enormous contenders. Aberrant rivalry originates from elective techniques for transport. Other government motivations are likewise planned for lessening the use of vehicles, for example, the expansion in charge. These activities can decrease the quantity of vehicle buys and lessen possible benefits. g. Contenders Against Toyota Prius Toyota Prius being an ecological neighborly and vitality productive vehicle, contenders will be characterized as those which have comparable advancements in the assembling of fuel-sparing motors. Honda Civic GX and Insight are vitality productive vehicles however not available to be purchased in Hong Kong. Likewise, General Motors FlexFuel arrangement and Hybrids arrangement are incredible rivals in a similar circumstance. Consequently, Toyota is the nearby pioneer in this product offering. h. Target Market of Toyota Prius The objective market can be part into two significant classifications: B2B clients and private buyers. B2B clients are armada and corporate purchasers, who purchase vehicles either for recruit or rental or for organization armadas. The ecological highlights make the Prius especially fascinating for business purchasers as a result of his low working expense. Private purchaser is either male or female and between the age bunch focused at 25 and 39 years of age. Some of them are probably going to be hitched and with family obligations. They are well-off, very much educated and taught grown-ups. They might be of upper white collar class. They seek after ecologically well disposed way of life. 3. Destinations Objectives exist on three levels, corporate, showcasing and correspondence, in which advertising and correspondence are viewed as the incorporated promoting interchanges (IMC) targets. a. Corporate Objective It tends to be summed up as investor riches augmentation and is at last accomplished through higher benefits and expanded deals. b. Incorporated Marketing Communications Objectives Toyota Prius is at the development phase of item life cycle. As the natural well disposed innovation of the Prius despite everything being the pioneer in the business, the goal is characterized to be long haul. It is imperative to additionally raise the familiarity with this component to the general population by 30% toward the finish of this current year, which thusly increment the piece of the overall industry focused on 25% and increment the deals by 25%. It is trusted that by the proposed advancement methodologies, it can completely arrive at the objective market and make the potential purchasers mindful of the Prius. At that point, during the occasions and in the ads, we can instruct them and clarify the specialized information and focal points of the Prius, so they are amped up for the Prius and build up the verbal. It is planned to propel purchasers to discover progressively about the Prius by visiting our site to arrange handouts or a test drive. Visits to displays and showrooms may prompt the demonstration of procurement which is our definitive objective. 4. Time period 5. Advancement STRATEGIES To advance the Prius, we have considered a few methods including the utilization of paper and vehicle magazine as print publicizing, Internet promoting, supporting exercises and presentation. a. Print Advertising I. Paper The primary target of paper ad is to play out the capacity of training buyers in the learning procedure. The following stage is to pull in the perusers to the presentations and showrooms to do the inclination procedure. In the paper promotion, we utilize the topic that the Prius just discharges leaves yet not contamination. It is a new vehicle. We have two arrangements of commercials. The first is for publicizing the Prius during the presentation time frame. Another is during the period without presentation. The trademark â€Å"Prius, it’s fresh† is as yet utilized in these commercials to make the entire crusade reliable. Here clarifies the two structures. The first is utilized during show period. It is distributed in a hued full page. As the principle topic of this arrangement of notice is to interface the Prius

Poverty Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Destitution - Assignment Example The result will be the expansion in the per capita pay and improving the expectations for everyday comforts of the individuals. This is additionally credited to the way that individuals will take assets and improve them in a way that is progressively significant to them. At the point when a nation puts resources into the new innovation, the possible yield of the administrations and products will increment. This is on the grounds that the innovation will make the creation procedure to be increasingly effective. For example, the across the board motorization that occurred in eighteenth and in nineteenth century empowered the United Kingdom to deliver more yield from not very many assets. This empowered them to get one of the completely industrialized economies. As of late, the Chinese government encountered a quick pace of development because of utilization of the new innovation in their procedure of assembling (Romer, 5). Subsequently, an economy can never develop if barely any assets are allotted to the capital great. A portion of the reasons for destitution in underdeveloped nations incorporate the third world obligation, lower exportation race, poor farming practices, absence of food, absence of innovation, overpopulation and a portion of the individual practices are a portion of the reasons for neediness. The reasons for destitution has gets unpredictable in the worldwide economy. Moreover, the expansion in pay disparity prompts neediness, this is on the grounds that the imbalance brings down the expectations for everyday comforts of individuals because of pay contrasts (Romer, 6). For example, the pay hole has been on the rising patterns in the US since 1970s, the pay hole mirrors the adjustments in the global exchange, mechanical change, and a decrease in the unionization of all explanation inside the rising pay hole. I do concur with Christine Svellinger, in light of the fact that the facts confirm that the neediness issue has become an unavoidable and enormous issue. Nations have taken a stab at building up the economies with innovation and industry with fluctuating achievement level. A large portion of the underdeveloped nations do not have the important crude materials and aptitudes from the

Engineering Economics Free Essays

Eng ineeri ng Economy Third Edition Leland T. Clear, P. E. We will compose a custom article test on Designing Economics or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Division of Industrial Engineering Assistant Dean of Engineering Texas A M University Anthony J. Tarquin, P. E. Division of Civil Engineering Assistant Dean of Engineering The University of Texas at EI Paso McGraw-Hill Book Company New York S1. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Colorado Springs Hamburg Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi Oklahoma City Panama Paris San Juan Silo Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto 4 Level One 1. Characterize and perceive in an issue articulation the economy images P, F, A, n, and I. 1. 6 Define income, state what is implied by end-of-period show, and develop an income graph, given an announcement depicting the sum and times of the incomes. Study Guide 1. 1 Basic Terminology Before we start to build up the phrasing and crucial ideas whereupon designing economy is based, it is fitting to characterize what is implied by designing economy. In the least difficult terms, designing economy is an assortment of numerical procedures which disentangle financial examinations. With these procedures, a sane, important way to deal with assessing the financial parts of various strategies for achieving a given target can be created. Building economy is, hence, a choice help device by which one technique will be picked as the most efficient one. With the goal for you to have the option to apply the methods, be that as it may, it is essential for you to comprehend the essential phrasing and basic ideas that structure the establishment for designing economy considers. A portion of these terms and ideas are depicted beneath. An option is an independent answer for a give circumstance. We are confronted with options in for all intents and purposes all that we do, from choosing the strategy for transportation we use to get the chance to work each day to settling on purchasing a house or leasing one. Thus, in designing practice, there are consistently seveffl methods of achieving a given errand, and it is important to have the option to look at them in a normal way with the goal that the most prudent option can be chosen. The options in building contemplations ordinarily include such things as buy cost (first cost), the foreseen life of the benefit, the yearly expenses of keeping up the advantage (yearly upkeep and working cost), the foreseen resale esteem (rescue esteem), and the financing cost (pace of return). After the realities and all the pertinent appraisals have been gathered, a designing economy examination can be led to figure out which is best from a monetary perspective. In any case, it ought to be called attention to that the systems created in this book will empower you to settle on exact monetary choices just about those options which have been perceived as options; these techniques won't help you recognize what the choices are. That is, if choices ,4, B, C, D, and E have been distinguished as the main potential strategies to tackle a Particular issue when strategy F, which was never perceived as another option, is actually the most appealing technique, an inappropriate choice is sure to be made on the grounds that elective F would never be picked, regardless of what scientific procedures are utilized. Along these lines, the significance of elective distinguishing proof in the dynamic procedure can't be overemphasized, in light of the fact that it is just when this part of the procedure has been altogether finished that the investigation strategies introduced in this book can be of most noteworthy worth. So as to have the option to look at changed strategies for achieving a given target, it is important to have an assessment measure that can be utilized as a premise Terminology and Cash-Flow Diagrams 5 for making a decision about the other options. That is, the assessment model is what is utilized to respond to the inquiry â€Å"How will I know which one is ideal? Regardless of whether we know about it or not, this inquiry is posed of us ordinarily every day. For instance, when we drive to work, we subliminally feel that we are taking the â€Å"best† course. However, how could we characterize best? Was the best course the most secure, briefest, quickest, least expensive, ge nerally picturesque, for sure? Clearly, contingent on which rule is utilized to recognize the best, an alternate course may be chosen each time! (Numerous contentions could have been dodged if the leaders had just expressed the rules they were utilizing in deciding the best). In monetary examination, dollars are commonly utilized as the reason for correlation. Subsequently, when there are a few different ways of achieving a given target, the technique that has the most reduced generally cost is normally chosen. In any case, much of the time the choices include elusive variables, for example, the impact of a procedure change on worker assurance, which can't promptly be communicated as far as dollars. At the point when the choices accessible have roughly a similar equal expense, the nonquantifiable, or immaterial, components might be utilized as the reason for choosing the best other option, For things of an elective which can be measured as far as dollars, it is imperative to perceive the idea of the time estimation of cash. It is regularly said that cash brings in cash. The announcement is surely evident, for on the off chance that we choose to put away cash today (for instance, in a bank or reserve funds and credit relationship), by tomorrow we will have amassed more cash than we had initially contributed. This adjustment in the measure of cash over a given timeframe is known as the time estimation of cash; it is the most significant idea in building economy. You ought to likewise understand that if an individual or organization thinks that its important to acquire cash today, by tomorrow more cash than the first advance will be owed. This reality is likewise clarified when estimation of cash. The sign of the time estimation of cash is named premium, which is a proportion of the expansion between the first total obtained or contributed and the last sum owed or accumulated. Hence, on the off chance that you put cash previously, the premium would be Interest = aggregate sum collected †unique venture (1. 1) On the other hand, on the off chance that you acquired would be Interest cash previously, the premium (1. 2) = present sum owed †unique advance In either case, there is an expansion in the measure of cash that was initially contributed or acquired, and the expansion over the first sum is the premium. The first venture or advance is alluded to as head. Probs. 1. 1 to 1. 4 1. 2 Interest Calculations When intrigue is communicated as a level of the first sum per unit time, the outcome is a loan cost. This rate is determined as follows: . Percent loan cost = intrigue accumulated per unit time 00% .. I x 1 0 origma sum (1. 3) 6 Level One By far the most widely recognized timespan utilized for communicating loan fees is 1 year. Be that as it may, since loan costs are regularly communicated over timeframes shorter than 1 year (I. e. 1% every month), the time unit utilized in communicating a loan cost should likewise be distinguished and is named an intrigue period. The accompanying two models outline the calculation of loan cost. Model 1. 1 The Get-Rich-Quick (GRQ) Company contributed $100,000 on May 1 and pulled back a sum of $106,000 precisely one year later. Process (a) the premium picked up from the first speculation and (b) the loan fee from the venture. Arrangement (a) Using Eq. (1 . 1), Interest = 106,000 †100,000 = $6000 (b) Equation (1. 3) is utilized to get Percent loan cost = 6000 every year 100,000 x 100% = 6% every year Remark For obtained cash, calculations are like those appeared above aside from that premium is processed by Eq. (1. 2). For instance, if GRQ acquired $100,000 now and reimbursed $110,000 in 1 year, utilizing Eq. (1. 2) we find that intrigue is $10,000, and the loan fee from Eq. (1. 3) is 10% every year. Model 1. 2 Joe Bilder plans to obtain $20,000 for 1 year at 15% intrigue. Process (a) the intrigue and (b) the aggregate sum due following 1 year. Arrangement (an) Equation (1. 3) might be illuminated for the intrigue collected to get Interest = 20,000(0. 15) = $3000 (b) Total sum due is the total of head and intrigue or Total due Comment = 0,000 + 3000 = $23,000 Note that to some extent (b) over, the aggregate sum due may likewise be processed as Total due = principal(l + loan fee) = 20,000(1. 15) = $23,000 In every model the intrigue time frame was 1 year and the intrigue was determined toward the finish of one period. At the point when more than one yearly premium period is includ ed (for instance, on the off chance that we had needed to know the measure of premium Joe Bilder would owe on Terminology and Cash-Flow Diagrams 7 the above advance following 3 years), it gets important to decide if the premium . payable on a basic or compound premise. The ideas of basic and progressive accrual are talked about in Sec. . 4. Extra Examples 1. 12 and 1. 13 Probs. 1. 5 to 1. 7 1. 3 Equivalence The time estimation of cash and loan fee used together produce the idea of identicalness, which implies that various aggregates of cash at various occasions can be equivalent in monetary worth. For instance, if the financing cost is 12% every year, $100 today (I. e. , at present) would be identical to $112 one year from today, since mount collected = 100 =$112 Thus, in the event that somebody offered you an endowment of $100 today or $112 one year from today, it would have no effect which offer you acknowledged, since in either case you would have $112 one year from today. The two totals of cash are in this way identical to one another when the loan cost is 12% every year. At either a higher or a lower loan cost, nonetheless, $100 today isn't equal to $112 one year from today. Notwithstanding thinking about future identicalness, one can apply similar ideas for deciding equality in earlier years. Hence, $100 now would be equal to 100/1. 12 = $89. 29 one year

Prostitution69 essays

Prostitution69 expositions For whatever length of time that human progress has existed. the offer of sex and sexual administrations has been viewed as an issue by a few, and as a lifestyle by others. Individuals who take a gander at prostitution as a lifestyle are not simply the whores who offer these administrations. There are numerous nations in this world that see the offer of sex as a reasonable wellspring of pay and as an acknowledged social movement. Nations, for example, Holland see prostitution as a socially acknowledged lifestyle and manage them in that capacity. Indeed, even in America where prostitution is condemned in many states and the negative social disgrace that encompasses prostitution plagues government officials to tidy up our neighborhoods, you can in any case discover pockets where prostitution is legitimate and directed, for example, Las Vegas. My last undertaking is going to manage the advantages and issues of sanctioning prostitution on numerous levels, for example, sickness control, t ax collection, and good issues. The gatherings that I will manage are sex laborers, Johns, and the legislature. Having perused numerous perspectives on the issue of sex work, we should initially choose what establishes sex work and to what degree should government be permitted to direct said work. To start with, I will make a general definition regarding what sex work comprises. For this paper sex work establishes performing sexual exercises in return for cash or product. In ordinary terms, I will discuss prostitution and strippers. I totally comprehend that there are different types of sex work, for example, erotic entertainment yet for this paper I don't wish to handle those subjects. The primary inquiry I will discuss is the reason is sex work is viewed so adversely, provoking government officials in numerous nations to ban it. A wide range of gatherings contradict sex work and every one has an alternate sentiment with respect to why it isn't right and ought to be made illicit. These gatherings extend from those contradicted to prostitution on moral grounds to lawful reasons ... <!

Writing a paper about a &quot;TED TALK&quot; Essay

Composing a paper about a TED TALK - Essay Example Educator Amy Cuddy said that some force presents don’t just change the manner in which individuals are seen by others yet in addition change their body’s science right away. Non-verbal communication decisions will foresee life results that are important like what people's identity is, who they will advance or recruit and how they will approach out for a date. This exploration will concentrate on how non-verbal communication shapes what people's identity is. Amy Cuddy contends that nonverbal articulations of strength and force in the collective of animals is tied in with loosening up, extending, and making you large. It isn't restricted to primates alone yet in addition to creatures which additionally do this at whatever point they feel incessantly amazing and furthermore the second they feel ground-breaking. The two individuals, brought into the world visually impaired or with sight extend their bodies and toss submits the air in the wake of winning in rivalries. At the point when individuals feel weak, they wrap themselves up, close up, make themselves littler and can’t siphon into others. It is feasible for individuals to counterfeit it until they make it. Nonverbal correspondences can administer both how individuals feel and consider themselves and furthermore how others feel and consider them. Individuals grin when they are energized yet additionally feel glad when compelled to grin through holding a pen in the midst of their teeth. A force present is likely struck by individuals feeling amazing, yet when they profess to have an incredible inclination they are probably going to feel all the more remarkable. Individuals realize that their brains can change their bodies (Amy). They should realize that their bodies can likewise alter their perspectives. The brains of the ground-breaking will in general be progressively hopeful, decisive and sure. They will accept more dangers as they reason dreamily (Amy). Contrast in physiology is there as well, on both the pressure hormone and the strength hormone, cortisol and testosterone separately. In this way, when individuals consider power they ought not think on testosterone just yet in addition cortisol as

The Fear of Mirrors or Catoptrophobia

The Fear of Mirrors or Catoptrophobia Phobias Types Print The Fear of Mirrors or Catoptrophobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 08, 2020 Mads Perch / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment The fear of mirrors is generally known as eisoptrophobia or catoptrophobia. Most people with this fear are not actually afraid of the mirror itself. Instead, they are afraid of the reflections within. The fear of mirrors is relatively rare and highly personalized. Some people are afraid of their own reflection, others of reflected words, and still others of the mirrors potential link with the supernatural. What Is a Phobia? A phobia is an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses little real danger but provokes anxiety and avoidance. Unlike the brief anxiety most people feel when they give a speech or take a test, a phobia is long-lasting, causes intense physical and psychological reactions, and can affect your ability to function normally at work or in social settings. Several types of phobias exist. Some people fear large, open spaces. Others are unable to tolerate certain social situations. And still, others have a specific phobia, such as a fear of snakes, elevators, or flying. Not all phobias need treatment. But if a phobia affects your daily life, several therapies are available that can help you overcome your fears â€" often permanently. A specific phobia involves an irrational, persistent fear of a specific object or situation thats out of proportion to the actual risk. This includes a fear of situations (such as airplanes or enclosed spaces); nature (such as thunderstorms or heights); animals or insects (such as dogs or spiders); blood, injection or injury (such as knives or medical procedures); or other phobias (such as loud noises or clowns).?? There are many other types of specific phobias. Its not unusual to experience phobias about more than one object or situation. Fear of Mirrors and Body Image If you are uncomfortable with your body image, you might try to avoid seeing yourself in a mirror. Some people refuse to pose for photographs or to allow any sort of video or audio recording. Generally, people with mirror phobias based on body image do not mind having mirrors around, though they go out of their way to personally avoid them. Fear of Reflections A fear of mirrors may be related to a more generalized fear of reflections. In addition to mirrors, you may be afraid of any reflective material such as a highly polished car or some types of sunglasses. Reflections inherently distort the reflected items, causing them to appear slightly unreal. Some people are particularly afraid of reflected writing, which looks like gibberish. Supernatural Fears Mirrors have long been linked to religious rituals and superstitions. An ancient belief states that a mirror reflects a persons soul. According to the same belief, the soul regenerates every seven years. Thus, breaking a mirror breaks a piece of the soul, causing seven years of bad luck. Likewise, many cultures cover the mirrors in a newly deceased persons home to avoid trapping the persons soul. The link between a mirror and the soul has led to a wide range of urban legends. Some say that a mirror serves as a portal between this world and the next. Seeing a reflection that should not exist is said to be a bad omen. Likewise, a childrens game called Bloody Mary allegedly summons an evil entity through a bathroom mirror. Mirror phobias based on the supernatural are generally rooted in religious beliefs and customs. They may be linked with fears of death, ghosts, and witchcraft.

National Institute Corrections Evidence-Based Coursework - 550 Words

National Institute Corrections Evidence-Based Coursework (Coursework Sample) Content: Students Name SurnameInstructorCourseDate Evidence-Based Corrections (EBCEvidence based Corrections (EBC) is defined as the continual structures in treatment and accountability that are put in cases to handle offenders on particular crimes committed in the community. It refers also top the life-long treatment offered to offenders to change the negative lifestyle through the approaches of reforming the behaviors. The evidence correction ensures that the offenders suffer not any adverse effects of recidivism and victimization due to the distinct temperaments. The National Institute of Corrections promotes the practice of using the evidence to dispense justice in correcting offenders. Corrections and Criminology have spanned the research methods in the investigation of information to crimes. The information gathered facilitates the development of programs for active intervention. It thus provides the ideas in crime prevention strategies in the work institutions (Barbosa -Leiker, van Wormer, 2014). Yes, my place of work should employ the EBC to implement new programs and expand existing programs to reduce recidivism and enhance offender motivation. The process will assist the company to assess offender risks and understand the dynamics of changing criminality within the work environment. The assessment reached by the company can facilitate the implementation of interventions that will improve the professionalism fight against the workplace evils. In the program, staff training and professionalism is a fundamental component of d...

Ethical Issues Of Food Marketing - 2294 Words

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Making ethical decisions, being vigilant in the lack of ethical decision making, and being proactive in the reporting and advancement of ethical practices are important factors for marketing professionals such as physicians and other health care professionals to be wary of. Conduct by pharmaceutical representatives and ethical practices in the marketing of pharmaceuticalRead MoreMarketing Across Culture Success or Dilemma1130 Words   |  5 PagesTable of contents Marketing across culture: 3 Reasons of this dilemma 3 Proposed solution: 5 Pluralism: 6 Cultural analysis before marketing: 6 Change management strategy: 7 Marketing across culture: Marketing across culture is one of the biggest issues which multinational companies have been confronting nowadays. Since marketing is an important factor for the propagation of a particular product or company, marketing plan should also be effective simultaneously. Every organization

The Language Of Young Children Essay - 2069 Words

The language of young children is behaviour. It is well documented that a secure attachment to a caregiver supports healthy cognitive development in children (Moretti Peled, 2004; Mikulineer, Shaver, Pereg, 2003; Scharf, Oshri, Eshkol, Pilowsky, 2014). This paper will first provide a description of attachment theory covering the key points. It will then provide an example from practice placement at Toogoolawa School where the theory has been applied. Following this a discussion of relevant issues relating to power, ethics and politics that have been observed. Finally, it will reflect on the experience and how it relates to my personal and professional values. At the core of attachment theory is the early relations between infant and the primary caregiver, usually the mother (Levy, Johnson, Clouthier, Scala, Temes, 2015). Attachment theory is based on the pioneering work of John Bowlby (1969, 1980, 1988) after a long and somewhat conflicted association with psychoanalysis (Holmes, 1993 p.62). Bowlby’s theory of attachment was partly based on the findings of ethology and argued that attachment between infant and mother was not merely an instinct derived from feeding or infant sexuality as Freud and Klein first claimed, but was a psychological bond in its own right (Fitton, 2012). Attachment theory has been influenced by many theorists however, the key concepts of Attachment theory are; primary attachment relationship, proximity seeking, secure base, separationShow MoreRelatedLanguage For Young Children And The Early Stages Of Life Essay1751 Words   |  8 PagesLanguage for young children allows them to communicate with others, therefore it is crucial that they develop language to communicate. Communication can be oral, visual, writing, and/or reading. Early education for children emphasizes on language for future development in language arts. There are multiple ways a child can gain language in the early stages of life. There are read-alouds, writing, playing, games activities, and other activities that can facilitate learning. Some ways to determine aRead MoreComparisons of Discrete-Trial and Normalized Behavioral Language Intervention for Young Children with Autism573 Words   |  3 Pagesand needed behavioral therapy to be specific, operant conditioning . In the future, I will benefit from the information that I have learned from psychology. An autistic child is like a puzzle and one of the missing puzzle pieces could be there language. My brother lost his speech at the age of eighteen months and when he lost his speech he became very violent. When we would bring him to the doctor’s office the nurses would have to relax him with either pressure or my mom would bring his favoriteRead MoreEvaluation Of Services For Children And Young People ( 0-19 ) With Speech, Language And Communication Needs875 Words   |  4 PagesBoxall, M. (1998). The Boxall profile: Handbook for teachers. London. Nurture Group Network Bercow, J. (2008).The Bercow report: A review of services for children and young people (0-19) with Speech, Language and Communication Needs. Nottingham. DCSF Publications. Binnie, L.M., and K. Allen. (2008) Whole School Support for Vulnerable Children: The Evaluation of a Part-time Nurture Group. Emotional Behavioural Difficulties 13 (3) pp. 201–216. Bowlby, J. (1980). 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ThisRead MoreChildren’s Speech, Language, and Communication1750 Words   |  7 Pagesspeech, language and communication Explanation of speech, language, communication and speech, language and communication needs 1.1 Children and adults use speech, language and communication to interact with others, to help them explore the environment, to make sense of everyday experiences, access information and understand concepts, as well as organise thoughts and formulate ideas and to help them express their own feelings and to understand the feelings of others (Children and Young People’sRead MoreThe Language Of Science And Technology1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe English language has become the most widespread in the world .It is the language of science and technology . Children often learn better than adult, especially with languages, and this enables them to be able to speak like a native speaker. There is nothing that can explain why young learners have priority in learning languages. This notion makes governments and parents want to contribute to teaching English for young learners. Learning English f or young learners has become a phenomenon. As aRead MoreThe Gap Between Hearing And Deaf1254 Words   |  6 Pages American Sign Language (ASL) is known as one of the oldest ways of communicating for the deaf community. Through the use of visual gestures and hand signals, people across the nation use signing to receive and convey information, thus bridging the gap between hearing and deaf individuals. The use of sign language has so many beneficial outcomes that it would be most effective for schools to start incorporating it into the curriculum. Sign language for kids as young as months old are proven to increaseRead MoreExplain Some Ways in Which Environment Can Be Structured to Facilitate Communication in Children/ Young People with Slcn1631 Words   |  7 Pagesways in which environment can be structured to facilitate communication in children/ young people with SLCN Introduction. Speech, language and communication play a vital role in our lives. Without being able to talk to, and understand other people we can’t do things alike: Almost everything we do involves speech, language and or communication Children develop communication skills from birth. They rely on speech, language and communication to be able to learn at school and play with their friendsRead MoreDevelopment of Children and Young People791 Words   |  3 PagesDevelopment of Children and Young People: The development of children and young people is significantly affected by speech, language, and communication needs. These needs have a profound and long-term impact that varies depending on the severity of the problem, the kind of support the child receives, the confidence of the person, and the demands of his/her environment. Actually, children and young children with speech, language, and communication needs are at risk of constant communication problemsRead MoreEssay about Elementary Education: Foreign Languages in the Classroom599 Words   |  3 PagesChildren are vastly influenced by their elementary education. The fundamentals and basics of a child’s education begins with language, more specifically, reading and writing. These children are the future cognitively, socially, and physically and they should be provided with the most effective educational techniques available. While children are young, they should be provided with those techniques by starting at the beginn ing: foreign language. Children should learn a foreign language at the elementary

Saltasaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Saltasaurus (Greek for Salta lizard); pronounced SALT-ah-SORE-usHabitat: Woodlands of South AmericaHistorical Period: Late Cretaceous (80 to 65 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and 10 tonsDiet: PlantsDistinguishing Characteristics: Relatively slim build; quadrupedal posture; short neck and legs; bony plates lining back About Saltasaurus As titanosaurs go, the South American Saltasaurus was the runt of the litter; this dinosaur only weighed about 10 tons soaking wet, compared to 50 or 100 tons for more famous titanosaur cousins like Bruhathkayosaurus or Argentinosaurus. The petite size of Saltasaurus demands a convincing explanation, given that this dinosaur dates from the late Cretaceous period, about 70 million years ago; by this time, most titanosaurs had evolved to the super-heavyweight class. The most likely theory is that Saltasaurus was restricted to a remote South American ecosystem, lacking abundant vegetation, and evolved down so as not to exhaust the resources of its habit. What set Saltasaurus and other titanosaurs apart from their sauropod ancestors was the bony armor lining their backs; in the case of Saltasaurus, this armor was so thick and knobby that paleontologists initially mistook this dinosaur (discovered in Argentina in 1975) for a specimen of Ankylosaurus. Clearly, newborn and juvenile titanosaurs attracted the notice of the numerous tyrannosaurs and raptors of the late Cretaceous period, and their backplates evolved as a nominal form of defense. (Not even the most overconfident Giganotosaurus would choose to target a full-grown titanosaur, which would have outweighed its antagonist three or four times over!)

Mrs. Joe in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay

Mrs. Joe in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Dickens uses Mrs. Joes devilish appearance and controlling behaviour to compare to Joes angelic looks and kindhearted deeds in the early part of the novel. Pip and Joe both fear Mrs. Joe because of her violent actions, this brings them closer together which is significant throughout the book. She is also the only female role model Pip has early on in life, twisting his vision of the perfect woman later on. Our first impressions of Mrs. Joes are of a cold and domineering woman because of the way Dickens describes her appearance. The colours used to portray Mrs. Joe are fairly daunting: black hair and eyes redness of skin, The black is quite a morbid colour†¦show more content†¦Dickens uses Mrs. Joe in order to unite Pip and Joe early on in the book by her violent acts. This relationship between the two is very important especially nearer the end of the book when Pip is in trouble. Both Pip and Joe suffered form Mrs. Joe, which is why they felt closer to one another: Joe and I being fellow-sufferers, and having confidences as such, Pip knew that Joe was the only one he could trust and that Joe trusted him as well. This compassion between the two is seen again when Pip is in debt. Even though he cut himself off from Joe, they still loved each other at heart: Joe had paid it, and the receipt was in his name. Joe had prevented Pip from being in debt although earlier in the book Pip had made it obvious he wanted nothing to do with Joe. If they had not had such a strong companionship because of Mrs. Joe, then Joe would have never paid off Pips debts. Dickens also uses Mrs. Joe as the main female character in Pips young life. Therefore making Pip think that all women are like his sister, so he does not realise how malevolent Estella really is and can only obey her like he is forced to obey Mrs. Joe. Since Mrs. Joe is constantly trying to remind Pip that she is far better than him, Pip is under the impression that women are superior to him and will let them manipulate him. Pip does exactly as Mrs. Joe says: Tell me directly what youve been doing I have only been to the churchyard, said I, from myShow MoreRelatedEssay on Charles Dickens Great Expectations1135 Words   |  5 Pages Great Expectations’ main character, Phillip Pirrip- generally known as Pip- had a rough upbringing as a child. His sister, Mrs. Joe had â€Å"brought him up by hand†, after their parents and five brothers had all been laid to rest many years ago. Another character, Herbert Pocket experienced a bizarre childhood, though in a different manner. Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations develops through the novel following Pip, a young â€Å"common boy† who grew up in the countryside. As he matured so did his loveRead MoreComparison of Passages from Great Expectations and Madame Bovary1110 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom early sections of Great Expectations and Madame Bovary, deal predominantly with the subject of death and the spectrum of approaches applied by their characters to deal with such circumstances. Both Charles Dickens and Gustave Flaubert draw particular attention to the binary codes of public and private life and the extent to which the characters are compelled to manipulate or conceal their true feelings in order to conform to their societies dogmatic customs and expectations of decorum. 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Skrzynecki Belonging Related Texts Free Essays

Belonging is notorious for its complex nature. One person’s perception of belonging can vastly differ from another’s. This is displayed clearly in Peter Skrzynecki’s poetry, in this essay however Feliks Skrzynecki and 10 Mary Street will be discussed in detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Skrzynecki Belonging Related Texts or any similar topic only for you Order Now To support the points raised and provide further examples of belongings complexities the texts Dumb by Nirvana and the film Avatar directed by James Cameron. Firstly, in the poem Feliks Skrzynecki the persona describes the father figure as self sufficient in the lines â€Å"My gentle father/kept pace only with the Joneses of his own minds making†. This is backed up later in the poem when we learn that Feliks has made no attempt to even learn English. This is the kind of complacency that the persona aspires towards. The hyperbole used in the words â€Å"swept its paths ten times around the world† shows us as readers the sheer determination Feliks possesses in his path to maintain his roots in his new country. This is juxtaposed in the lyrics to the song Dumb by Nirvana in which Kurt Cobain professes â€Å"I’m not like them but I can pretend†. These lyrics are talking about conforming to belong. The persona described in this song is different to those around him and feels that he needs to conform and be â€Å"like them† just to belong. This is the exact opposite to the father in Feliks Skrzynecki who refuses to be just like everyone else, he holds onto his culture whilst simultaneously absorbing the culture around him. Secondly, Belonging changes from person to person. For example in Avatar James Cameron uses biodiversity to convey his message about belonging. In the film, Jake Sully is a paraplegic and does not feel as though he belongs. This is why he travels to Pandora, a distant planet, to take over his deceased brother’s duties as a scientist. Jake belongs to the Na’vi people of Pandora because he has nothing to lose. James Cameron portrays Jake as, at first, incompetent. As the film progresses Jake’s relationship with his foreign counterparts falls apart. His love interest Neytiri screams at him â€Å"you will never be one of the people†. This line is perhaps the most powerful line in relation to belonging throughout the entire film. This line portrays that sometimes no matter how hard one tries to belong through changing to better suit their surroundings it doesn’t work. Of course, Jake ends up belonging but at this stage in the film he does not belong at all. The humans shun him and so do the Na’vi. This directly correlates to 10 Mary Street because both texts show the differing nature of belonging from person to person. In 10 Mary Street the parents have a garden which is symbolic of their roots in their new country. The garden in religiously maintained and gives the parents a sense of belonging in Australia. In stark contrast to this is the persona, he says â€Å"my parents’ watered plants – grew potatoes and rows of sweet corn: tended roses and camellias like adopted children. Home from school earlier I’d ravage the back garden like a hungry bird†. These lines tell the reader that the boy takes the garden for granted and does not particularly care about his parents roots, presumably through lack of understanding. Lastly, belonging has a complex and at times unidentifiable nature. This is shown in all of the chosen texts. Skrzynecki’s deep detail in 10 Mary Street in reference to his visitors and their habits in the lines â€Å"Visitors that ate Kielbasa, salt herrings and rye bread†¦ a dozen puffing Billies† tells us as readers that Skrzynecki scrupulously watched everything his visitors did. This portrays a sense of the caution of change and the fear Skrzynecki may have felt when these foreign visitors acted so strangely around him. Similarly, in Feliks Skrzynecki the persona has a deep admiration for his father but also a great deal of distance, he does not ever describe any physical contact or conversation with Feliks which displays to the reader that Skrzynecki preferred to simply watch Feliks go about life rather than question him. The poet conveys a visual image of watching from afar in the lines â€Å"My father sits out the evening With his dog, smoking, Watching stars and street lights come on, Happy as I have never been† in these lines an image of Skrzynecki admiring his father perhaps from a bedroom window is instantly implanted in the readers mind. In addition, Nirvana’s song Dumb portrays the complex nature of belonging in the lines â€Å"I think I’m dumb, maybe just happy†. These lines tell the listener that the persona described has conformed and although they know it is wrong and they feel â€Å"dumb† about it they still try to convince themselves that it is making them happy. This is belonging in its most complex form, belonging to one’s self. Finally, in James Cameron’s film text Avatar the protagonist does not belong on his home planet yet sees potential to belong on another. He is drawn into another culture and finds that he belongs better in an alien race than he does in his own world. This is in stark contrast to 10 Mary Street, in the poem the persona saw the Polish visitors as alien and he did not belong whereas Jake Sully does. In conclusion, belonging is portrayed in many forms, be it through an individual’s sense of inner belonging (Dumb), belonging to culture (10 Mary Street), belonging to a new country (Feliks Skrzynecki) or even belonging top a new race entirely (James Cameron’s Avatar). An individual may shape their own sense of belonging or they may take another’s ideology of belonging and use it to mould their own. Belonging can apply to a group or, more importantly, an individual. All four of the above texts deal with the dynamics of an individual’s belonging. How to cite Skrzynecki Belonging Related Texts, Papers

Monet Essay Example For Students

Monet Essay CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS. -Central processing unit CPU is the electronic device that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer. -Data is a collection of raw unprocessed figures and symbols computer uses data to create information. -Free ware is software provided at no cost to a user by an individual or company. -Informationis data that is organized meaningful and useful. -Information applianceis a computer with limited functionality whose main propose is to connect to the internet from home. -Information processing cycle. the series of input process, output and storage activities. -Information system hardware software data and people and procedures comprise an information system. -Input devices any hardware component that allows a user to enter data and instructions into a computer. -Outputis data that has been processed into information. Computer process input data into output information. -Kiosk is a freestanding computer usually with touch screen that serves as an input device. -Mainframe is a large expensive very powerful computer that can handle hundreds of users. -Memory is a temporary holding place for data and instructions -Midrange server is more powerful and larger than a workstation. -Multimedia is a power user typically work with multimedia which they combine test graphics sound video and other media elements into one application. -Operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all of the activities among the hardware devices. -Peripheral is an external device that attaches to the system unit. -Recoursesnetworks allow users to share recourses such as hardware devices, software programs, data, and information. -Servera computer that manages the recourses on a network. Servers control access to the software, printers and other devices on the network. -Sharewareis a copyright software that is distributed free for trial period. -Softwareis a series of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform tasks. -Storageis an area in a computer that can hold information for future use. -Storage devicesrecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium. Six of them are floppy disk, a zip drive, hard disk drive, CD-Rom drive, CD-RW and DVD-Rom drive. -System Softwareconsists of the programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices. CHAPTER 2. THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB-Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense. ARPAs goal was to build a network that (1) would allow scientists at different locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects and (2) could function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster such as a nuclear attack. That network called ARPANET, became functional in September 1969. -Serer is a computer that manages the resources on a network and provides centralized storage area for resources such as programs. -IP Address is a short internet protocol address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device. -Domain name is the text version of an IP address eg..www.scsite.com. -Http. Stands of hypertext transfer protocol. CHAPTER 3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE -System software consists of programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices. -Utility program is a type of soft ware that performs a specific task usually related to managing a computer its devices or its programs-Productivity software. Is software that assists people in becoming more effective and efficient while performing daily activities. -Graphics software allows you to create documents called presentation-Integrated software is software that combined application such as word processing spread sheet and dada base. CHAPTER 4 COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT. -System unit is a box like case that houses the electronic components of the computer used to process data called chassis. -Central processing unit often called a processor interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 , .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .postImageUrl , .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 , .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89:hover , .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89:visited , .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89:active { border:0!important; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89:active , .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89 .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff879225261a2f3cbb9ee4b2ee9f7a89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hiv And Aids Essay-Memory is a temporary storage place for data instructions and information. -Expansion slot is an operating or socket where you can insert a circuit board into the motherboard. -Expansion cards expansion ,abapter card adapter card-PORTS keyboard, usb, serial port, monitor, gameport, network, svideo out, tele, mouse, printer, speaker, microphone, FM reception. CHAPTER 8 OPERATING SYSTEM AND UTILITY PROGRAMS. -CATEGORIES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS stand alone =dos, windows 3.x, wind 95, wind nt workstation, windows 98 wind 2000, wind millennium edition, mac os, os/2 warp, unix, linux, NETORK = netware, wind nt server, wind 2000 server, os/2 warp server for e-busniness, CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS. -Central processing unit CPU is the electronic device that interprets and carries out

Zionism And Zionists Essays - Jewish Religious Movements

Zionism And Zionists ZIONISM AND ZIONISTS In the years just after World War II, Zionism (the desire to rebuild a Jewish national presence in the Promised Land) became a popular Jewish cause all around the world. Many Jews who were not practicing Judaism at all with religion became involved with the establishment of the State of Israel. Even today, many years after the successful founding of the State of Israel, there are Jews whose only real tie to Judaism is their belief in Zionism and their support for the State of Israel. They are joined by many Jews who are members of synagogues and support a modern Jewish religious movement, but who also find their prime identity as Jews in the Zionist cause. Broadly speaking, Zionists are proud that a small and struggling state made up mainly of Jews has created a modern democracy out of what were barren mountainsides, near deserts, and mosquito-breeding marshes. Zionists also point with pride at the ability of the Israelis to defend their land against the claims and armies of neighboring Arab nations. SECULAR JUDAISM Secular Jews express their Jewish identities in a variety of ways. Some feel attached to the State of Israel, but their Zionist leanings are not a strong driving force in their lives. Some feel a tie to Jewish religion and attend religious services from time to time, often on the High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur , but they do not maintain a lifelong membership in a synagogue or temple. Some secular Jews express their identity through study sometimes returning to the study of Judaism in their later years, sometimes seeing study as a way of searching for their roots. Often, secular Jews look for spiritualitysometimes turning to Jewish ideas and practices, even if they never fully return to the religious practices of their ancestors. Some few Jews are ideologically secular. They may be atheists who do not believe in the existence of a god. Or they may be agnostics, unsure of whether or not God exists. Among religions, Judaism is somewhat unique in that it makes room for both atheists and agnostics to remain Jewish. It is often pointed out that there is no positive commandment in the Torah requiring a Jew to believe in God. When it comes to belief, the Torah commands that Jews adhere to the laws of the covenant, which means that idolatry (the belief in many gods) is forbidden. But a person can theoretically live an exemplary Jewish life without a belief in God. Moreover, connection with the Jewish people is determined by birth, not by belief. If a person is born a Jew (or converts to Judaism), he or she is identified as a Jew. There is no question about this. Even the most religious Jew accepts birth (or conversion) as the only criteria for membership in the Jewish people. ORTHODOX JUDAISM Religious Jews today disagree on what Judaism is and what it should be. Orthodox Jews claim to hold the true religion of Judaism. In fact, Orthodoxy only began to organize and solidify its beliefs in the nineteenth century, in direct response to the Reform movement. To this day, there is less agreement among Orthodox Jews about what being Orthodox meansespecially about how particular laws should be followedthan there is disagreement in any of the other modern movements. So, for example, the State of Israel has two chief rabbis to serve the Orthodoxone of them serving the style of Orthodoxy (Ashkenazi) that developed in Europe and the other serving the style of Orthodoxy (Sephardi) that developed in what today are primarily Arab lands. Among Ashkenazi Jews, many of the Orthodox follow the laws of the Torah as explained and expanded in a multi-volume code of Jewish law called the Shulchan Aruch that was written by Rabbi Joseph Karo in the sixteenth century. Generally, all Orthodox Jews believe God gave the entire Torah to Moses at Mount Sinai in two partsthe written Torah that contains the 613 mitzvot and the spoken Torah, the oral traditions and explanations later recorded in the work of the rabbis and sages of the Talmud. Orthodox Jews wear a small head covering called a Kippah or Yarmulke at all times. Orthodox Jews are required

The Balkan Crisis

The Balkan Crisis Introduction The Balkan crisis that began in 1989 was a revolution that put to an end the Soviet-mode Communism in socialist states of East European nations beginning from the Baltic to Balkans; these proved to be both spectacular and largely unanticipated. The Balkan crisis that that began outgrew from collapse due to economic failures, the arms race and the availability of options to Communism. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Balkan Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The crisis started at the time when Slobodan Milosevic ascended to the presidency of Serbia, in 1989 when the country held its first democratic elections since the aftermath of the First World War. He turned out to be the president of Yugoslavia in the year 1997 (Gallagher 201). The Balkan Crisis After president Slobodan took over the presidency of Yugoslavia in started making vicious attacks on the Albanian ethnic group inhabiting t he province of Kosovo. This led him into military contest with the NATO forces in 1999. The government of Slobodan Milosevic continuously engaged in violence and would only bow to threats of severe military intervention. It is important to note that the Balkan crisis led to the ultimate disintegration of the republic of Yugoslavia. The disintegration led to realignment of forces which consequently resulted into tensions that were premised on ethnic, religious and political origins. This became intense as Slobodan Milosevic became president and swiftly began consolidating power and coming up with strategies to preserve that power. He initiated the oppression of the Albanian ethnic people who inhabited Kosovo. It is recorded that the ethnic cleansing began in the summer of 1992 throughout Bosnia. The Serbian nationalists were in involved in ethnic cleansing with a clear objective to create a purely Serbian republic by killing and driving away non-Serbians (Gallagher pp. 202-210). Du ring the periods of ethnic cleansing, the non-Serbs were attacked by snipers and their villages were destroyed. Thousands of these non-Serb nationalists were tortured, expelled from their residences, executed, detained in camps and some raped, especially women and young females. It is posited that rape and executions were tactically utilized to destroy the ties that existed in families and also communities. In July, 1995 the civilian women were separated from civilian men by the Serbian forces that then started the campaigns of killing non-Serbian men and even hunting those who were trying to escape through various forests (Gallagher pp. 202-210).Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bratunac killings (1992) that claimed more or less 350 (Muslim) men remain the largest known (mass) killing. Several confrontations ensued between Bosnian Muslims and Serbs of Bosnia in which the town of Srebrenica was interchangeably controlled by the two conflicting group. During the conflict period, the residents of Bosnia converged in the town which had been declared by the United Nations as safe. Unfortunately, the Serbian forces continued to attack the town despite the United Nation’s claim. The Dutch military personnel tried to protect the Muslim men from the Serbian soldiers but were overwhelmed and could not stop the massacre that took place (Government Printing Office 20206). In 1993, there was an attempt to resolve the crisis through what was known as Vance- Owen plan. This plan was drawn by a collaboration of various governments which included the United States of America and the Britain with support of other nations; the plan proposed that The situation that has been experienced with regards to the Balkan crisis requires serious humanitarian interventions due to the fact that gravious violation of human rights has been going on withi n the state. Even though the issue was resolved by the United Nations in conjunction with other nations, the effects have not yet completely subsided. The many decades of tension led to economic crises and destruction of property that left millions of people poor. This calls for serious humanitarian interventions even though many states and individuals are against the interventions. The fact is that humanitarian intervention is one of the most important remedy to a situation where citizens have suffered in the hands of repressive government officials. As the separated countries attempt to recover economically, so many citizens still go without the basic needs recognized by the United Nations as amongst the fundamental human rights; these are the rights to better healthcare, food, education and shelter. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Balkan Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, it is cruci al to note that many citizens who were victims of Serbian military campaign of mass murder have not yet psychologically recovered from the trauma of the mass massacre; they still need lots of counseling that can most probably be provided by humanitarian agencies. Conclusion The government of president Slobodan presided over the mass killing of many non-Serbian people in what is described as the first declared genocide in the world. The government created a lot of human crises in which many Muslim and non-Serbs were tortured and killed, women and young girls were raped and killed and lots of property was destroyed. The impact of the Balkan crisis created a situation in which the region necessarily needs the intervention of humanitarian agencies to help the people of the region rebuild their lives and be able to take care of their fundamental basic needs. There were countries like the United States of American and the Britain amongst others that were involved in resolving the crisis (Gallagher pp. 201-2002). Gallagher, Tom. The Balkans in the new millennium: in the shadow of war and peace. New York: Rutledge, 2005. Government Printing Office. Political Science / Government / Legislative Branch. New York: Government Printing Office, 1998.

Blood Pressure Definition and First Aid Basics

Blood Pressure Definition and First Aid Basics Ever noticed how a hose spouting water in your favorite Saturday-morning cartoon always looked like it was a snake vomiting footballs? Despite the fact that the water coming out of the end of the hose was running smoothly, its still a pretty good representation of how blood flows through our veins: in waves that we call pulses. The Pressure of the Blood Blood pressure is the force  exerted against blood vessel walls by the blood as it flows through them. Because of the way arteries and veins are used by the circulatory system, arterial walls are much thicker and withstand higher pressures than venous walls do. Arteries have the ability to expand and constrict much more than veins can, which is necessary to adjust blood pressure. Because they exert that control, they have to be sturdy. When we measure blood pressure, we are measuring the pressure in the arteries. Usually, we measure the pressure in the brachial artery, although it is possible to measure blood pressure in other arteries as well. Blood pressure is manually measured using a stethoscope to listen blood flow turbulence, a cuff to constrict blood vessels enough to stop the flow, and a sphygmomanometer (big, fancy word for a pressure gauge and a squeeze bulb).   Electronic blood pressure monitors dont need humans (other than the one theyre testing) or stethoscopes. There are plenty of blood pressure monitors in homes today. If you have a blood pressure monitor or are considering buying one, you may be wondering what exactly blood pressure is and if you should monitor it. Why Does It Matter? Anyone who has left the water on in the garden has seen the hole that rushing water can make under pressure. That erosion can also happen in the body if high blood pressure is not treated. High blood pressure can also lead to strokes and aneurysms. An aneurysm is a weak spot in an artery that swells until it bursts, and hypertension makes that process happen faster. The Pulse Blood does not flow smoothly through arteries. Instead, it surges through the arteries each time the heart beats. That surge is known as the pulse and is easily felt through arteries in the wrist and neck. Even though blood is surging through the blood vessels, there is pressure on the vessels at all times. Indeed, the pulse we feel is really the difference between the pressure exerted against the arterials walls during the hearts rest and during the hearts contractions. Why an Upside Down Fraction? When blood pressure is measured, we commonly record the pressure as two numbers, one above the other,  like a fraction. The difference between a fraction and a blood pressure is that the top number of a blood pressure is always higher than the bottom number (example: 120/80). The top number is the systolic blood pressure. This is the pressure in the artery during the beating of the heart (systole). This is the pressure that creates the pulse we feel in the wrist or neck.The bottom number is the diastolic blood pressure. This is the pressure that is always in the artery, even when the heart is resting between beats (diastole).

The 5 Dysfunctions of a Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The 5 Dysfunctions of a Team - Essay Example Lencioni believe that these five "feed on each other" in destroying the success of the group. Lencioni emphasized the negative effects of the absence of trust in a team. Without this, any member of a team will not harmoniously work with each other. This breeds another dysfunction: fear of airing of constructive and genuine opinions to his group members. In a team with closed communication lines, team members rarely commit to clear and agreed upon decisions. Without lucid commitment to a clear plan of action, hesitation of each member to be accountable to his action will most likely follow. Whenever accountability is not held by members of a team, results of the team will be unnoticed. Inattention to results will consequentially create an environment wherein team members put their individual needs above that of those of the group. As we can see the existence of one creates a chain reaction that often results the emergence of the rest. What engenders the greatest impact on me upon reading Lencioni's solutions to these five dysfunctions masterpiece is the author's solutions or countermeasures to the first dysfunction, the lack or absence of trust. He first stressed the importance of having a competent leader in a group. He will instigate discipline and persistence that the rest of his team members need. He should initiate the solutions posed by Lencioni.

Rwanda Genocide Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Rwanda Genocide - Coursework Example The next aspect of this paper studies the possibilities for averting genocide based on recognition of its conditions and the factors driving its achievement. Potential preventive measures were present on a time-continuum, with mediations being possible during the phase prior to real genocide; more direct courses of action existing in the months leading up to and during the genocide; and possible ways for prevention of further/future genocide that happen in the aftermath. Prevention can take place at various levels, in relation to the impact that may be applied on individual, organizational or structural aspects. There have been many endeavors to describe genocide since the term was coined. First in 1944 Raphael Lemkin, defined genocide as "the coordinated and planned annihilation of a national, religious, or racial group by a variety of actions aimed at undermining the foundations essential to the survival of a group as a group" (Lemkin, 1944). Lemkin also asserted that genocide is a "form of one-sided killing" in which the offender aimed to get rid of their victims who by contrast have no similar intention. Lemkin's definition was followed by many others such as the 1946 UN Resolution that defined genocide as "the denial of the right to exist of entire human groups, as homicide is denial of the right to live of individual" (Chalk and Jonassohn, 1990). On December 9, 1948, the United Nations ratified the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This convention delineates "genocide" as an international crime, which participant nations "undertake to prevent and punish." It defines genocide as: '[G] enocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: a. Killing members of the group; b. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; c. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; d. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; e. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.' Regardless of the fact that many cases of group-targeted violence have taken place throughout the history and even since the Convention came into effect, the legal and international development of the term is focused into two diverse historical periods: the time from the defining of the term until its approval as international law (1944-1948) and the time of its

Buying a House Vs Renting an Apartment

Buying a House Vs Renting an Apartment Buying a home can be an exciting experience for anyone. However, in some cases you just might be better off continuing to rent your home. There are many advantages to buying a home. However, it is not for everyone and buying varies from individual to individual. Currently more people are leaning towards renting but this could change in the near future. After doing the research and looking at all the options; Buying a House is the best way to go. When someone makes the decision to buy or rent a home they must consider the advantages and disadvantages of each. In buying a home the primary advantage is that you actually own it. You can do whatever you want with it. Also, you are building equity as the years go by. However, when they buy a home, the money they put down for a down payment is an investment. When the person sells the home they get back the down payment and the amount the property has appreciated in value. When looking at the advantages of renting it is easy to see the disadvantages of buying for some people. Even though you dont get the money back that you spend. Renting vs. buying really just depends on your personal needs. Both have advantages, but neither is the perfect choice for everyone. The first list applies to renting an apartment and the second list is for home buyers. Keep in mind that there are many things to consider when choosing between the two, but this list just touches on a few of the differences. Much of it is just personal preference, so its important to figure out whats right for you. Advantages to Renting an Apartment: If you move frequently, or youre unsure of how long youll be staying in the area, renting could be the better choice. People in the military are often better off with renting an apartment, since they could be stationed somewhere else at any time. When you rent, you dont have to worry about things like mowing the lawn, repairing a leaky roof, buying a new hot water heater, or most other things that require maintenance. Renting can also be the first step towards buying a home, since you can get to know the area before you buy a house. It would be a shame to buy a house, then a few months later, wish that you lived a few miles away. Advantages to Buying a House: When you buy a house, its generally a good investment that will increase in value. This might not be the case if you plan on moving right back out shortly after moving in, though. Its yours to change as you see fit. Want to add a bathroom? Put a shed in the back yard? Paint it a different color? Its nice to feel like you can do what you want because its actually yours, rather than having to read the fine print of your rental lease before doing something as simple as putting up a shelf. Having a yard is one of the obvious advantages, where you can soak up some sun while enjoying some privacy, rather than hanging out at a crowded public pool area. The yard advantage is also important for people with large pets that might not be allowed in an apartment. Home equity loans often come in handy for people that want to redecorate or put an addition on their home. Privacy is nice and having your own yard is great if you have kids, or just like to sit outside and enjoy some peace and quiet. When you live in some communities, whether you buy a house or live in an apartment complex, some have strict guidelines that you have to follow. In some subdivisions, certain things like the height of your grass in lawn, car repairs in the driveway, leaving garage doors open, or even what you can have in your yard are not allowed. These rules can seem like a lot to some, but they can also be nice if you end up next to a neighbor whose every action lowers property values in the area. When does it make sense to buy? People, who have generally rented their whole lives, purchase a home for various reasons. Owning something of value with a chance of watching their investment appreciate is one reason. Purchasing a home to save money over the long-term is another. Example: Lets say youre currently renting a two-bedroom, two-bath apartment. Your monthly rent is $1,000. You find a two-bedroom, two-bath at a market price of $250,000 (roughly the national average.) You have $25,000 saved enough for a 10 percent down payment. For the purpose of this example, youre looking to finance $225,000, which includes closing costs. Using one of several mortgage calculators on the Internet, your monthly payment would be approximately $1,385 for a 30-year fixed loan at an APR of 6.20 percent (the national average). After taxes and appreciation in equity, your monthly payment over five years would average $499 per month. Costs Savings of Buying versus Renting Calculations Rent Purchase Monthly rent/estimated mortgage payment $1,000 $1,385 Purchase price of home $250,000 Percentage of down payment 25,000 Length of loan term (years) 30 Interest rate 6.2% Years you plan to stay in the home 5 Yearly property tax rate 1% Yearly home value appreciation rate 4% Results Price of home after appreciation $304,163 Remaining balance after 5 years 209,887 Equity in house 94,276 Tax savings (28% bracket) 23,030 Avg. monthly payment over time 1,047 499 Total payments (over 5 years) $62,820 $29,973 Total savings if buying $32,847 Source: Ginniemae.gov. These calculations are estimates only. You should always seek the guidance of financial or tax experts before making any buying decisions. The outcome could dramatically change should an unforeseen economic downturn or financial hardship occur (e.g., home improvement costs, catastrophic damage, etc.). While, no one can predict if home appreciation values will spiral downward, or if mortgage interest rates will rise, its clear that under the right circumstances home ownership can be financially rewarding. (Provided by informa Research Services). In the beginning, I was convinced that renting an apartment was the best way to go, but after doing the research and looking at all the data on the financial side, I found that it is far better to buy a house than it is to rent an apartment.

Deaf Culture

Deaf Culture in America CAPSTONE PROJECT By Heather Velez Liberal Arts Capstone LIB-495-OL010 Dr. David Weischadle April 19,2013 Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to answer the major question, what is Deaf culture? There are three sub-questions that will assist in answering the major question: (1) What constitutes Deaf culture? (2) How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? (3) What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? With these questions answer, it will give a better understanding as to what Deaf culture is and that it is indeed a culture.The methodology of my research is based off of internet, books, and a survey. My methodology of this paper is clear and simple. It was hard to find a lot of credible sources that should be used in this paper. A survey of one question to the general public in order to prove a point and purpose of this paper. Gallaudet University website has amazing sources to use and also helped guide in choosing the right books/websites to do the research. In this paper there will be a lot of different terms that will confuse the readers.I will take the time now to go over a few of the terms that will be used in this paper. * ASL (American Sign Language) * Deafhood (Deaf Culture, Deaf pride) * ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) * Bi-Bi (Bilingual-Bicultural) * CODA (Child of Deaf Adult(s)) * NAD (National Association of the Deaf) I With my research I have found a lot of interesting discoveries. Not only were the books and internet research but with the survey I conducted of one simple question, what is Deaf culture? After asking this question to 50 people I have received some interesting answers that were very surprising.This research has taught me a lot of interesting concepts and issues that are being faced today in the Deaf communities. II Table of Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦ 3 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Discussion of Results . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20Work Citied †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 III 1 Introduction In this paper I will be discussing Deaf culture in America. The word culture is always interesting and has always been debated on.When people think of Deaf culture they only think of the language that is shared among the Deaf communities. Just like other cultures, Deaf culture is more than just a language shared among others. Deaf culture has been debated on in such that it isn’t a culture and it’s still being debated on today (Padden and Humphries). This paper is intended to educate others about Deaf culture and how it is most defiantly a culture. Most people have not heard of Deaf culture and let alone have met someone Deaf. I hope that this paper will educate those who are unaware of Deaf culture and become more accepting.Deafness is known to be abnormal in the business world. Business professionals tend to miss read the Deaf communities because of thei r lack of speech and hearing loss. A lot of Deaf people in general are looked at as someone with a learning disability or might of psychological problems. In a professional setting things are done differently between the â€Å"Hearing Culture† and the Deaf culture. In Deaf culture it is alright to turn off and on the lights to get everyone’s attention in a room; this is not okay for a hearing professional (signmedia).There is a huge gap in knowledge among the general public on Deaf culture (Padden and Humphries). The way Deaf people act in their daily lives may confuse others. Because the general public might think the way Deaf people act is taboo; they think Deaf people have learning, psychological disabilities because it is not normal for 2 them. A lot of people don’t understand how Deaf people have a culture and might make assumptions that Deaf culture doesn’t exist (Wilcox 2-5). My job is to answer that major question; what is Deaf culture?There are a lso questions that arise such as, what constitutes Deaf culture? There are two other questions that are very important into explaining the importance of Deaf culture, which is, how has ASL (American Sign Language) impacted the Deaf community and what are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? This topic is very important to me because I was raised in the Deaf culture. My entire family is Deaf and have faced many of these questions that hearing people are unaware about. I feel that it is my job to educate when I have the chance to do so.By being able to educate at least one person, I have done my job. I do not think there is enough information out there to reach everyone’s awareness of Deaf culture. While investigating this topic I will be trying to ask at least 30-50 people; Deaf and hearing, about what they think Deaf culture is. I am very curious as to how many understand Deaf culture and how many Deaf people actually know what Deaf culture is. Dea f culture has been suppressed for many years that even the Deaf people might not know what really makes up Deaf culture.I also what to get the Deaf people’s take on what they think are the major issues that are being dealt with today and also how they think ASL has impacted their communities (History). I know that everyone will have a different take on these two questions and it is always interesting to see the different answers. I know that these questions and the answer that I get back will make the paper a whole lot more worth reading and understanding from a Deaf person’s perspective. 3 Deaf culture is very important to the Deaf communities.Deaf people have for many years fought to have their culture recognized, but still to this day Deaf culture is still being questioned as a culture. I hope that this paper will show those who read this that there is more to Deafness than what meets the eyes. I hope that I am able to help others understand Deaf culture and have a new respect for the Deaf communities around us (Padden and Humphries). Literature Review Rev. Jesse L. Jackson once said, â€Å"The problem is not the students do not hear. The problem is that the hearing world does not listen. In 1988, the rally that went on at Gallaudet University, Deaf President Now, set off major awareness of the Deaf communities in the United States. This was the beginning of what would change how people perceived the Deaf communities to be. Although, this was 25 years ago, the Deaf communities are still trying to get the awareness out (Deaf President Now). The Deaf communities are still trying to educate the United States that they are not to be perceived as people with disabilities and are unable to do much, but perfectly able bodies that can do just about anything but hear.With that being said, the 1988 rally at Gallaudet University paved the way for other Deaf communities in the United States to raise awareness and try to educate others which remains a dif ficult task to this day. With no language and no culture, there is only isolation which Deaf people will no longer allow (Deaf President Now). Deaf culture has been questioned from time to time. It wasn’t until the rally at Gallaudet University 25 years ago that a light was shone on deafness as a whole. 4 Although Deaf culture was formally recognized in 1965, people still didn’t know much about it (J, Michelle).The definition of culture explained by Dictionary. com: 1. The quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, ect. 2. That which is excellent in arts, manners, etc. 3. A particular form or stage of civilization, as that of certain nation or period: Greek culture. 4. Development or improvement of the mind by education or training. 5. The Behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group: the youth culture; the drug culture. (dictionary. com) The debate still is whether or not Deaf citizens have a culture.Given the definition above of what constitutes a culture, Deaf culture consists of all of these. The Deaf culture in America, like many other cultures, have a shared language; American Sign Language (ASL) (Padden and Humphries). ASL is used for Deaf people to communicate with one another and also to communicate with hearing people who know of the language. ASL is a visual/gestural language; there is no vocal component to the language. ASL is not a universal language, but other countries do have their own signed languages such as Italian Sign Language, and British Sign Language (J,Michelle).The use of ASL shares an identification and unity with other Deaf members in communities. Dr. Barbara Kannapel has observed Deaf communities to understand their values, rules, and traditions. She has concluded the following: Deaf communities are supporters of the 5 primary sense of vision for communication at school, in their homes, and in their communities (About American). They value the Deaf children that enter the world as the future of their Deaf culture, it is important to them to have Deaf children to pass on their language.Continuation of Deaf culture goes through the traditions of their films, folklore, poetry, literature, organizations, and school reunions. These traditions are very important to the Deaf communities and those who have children must pass on their traditions, otherwise they will be judged within their communities (About American). Deaf culture has been looked at as arbitrary because most of their language, ASL, cannot be translated into English. Even though Deaf culture has been somewhat acknowledged, the Deaf people are still fighting to be recognized and respected (J, Michelle).ASL is a complete and refined language. ASL contains its own grammar, culture, and syntax. The standardized Sign Language can date back in the early seventeen hundreds which supports the ASL’s origins. A SL isn’t a written form of language and cannot be written into English. When translating ASL it is completely different from the English language (J, Michelle). Abbe de l'Epee was from Paris and developed the Old French Sign Language in his Deaf school in 1754 (History). This was the first time that Deaf individuals had a school they could attend and allowed to learn. This was the frame work in the making for ASL.Meanwhile, in America, Martha’s Vineyard the birth rate of Deaf people where astonishingly high. The Deaf people that lived in Martha’s Vineyard had a genetic code that caused deafness at birth. While there were so many Deaf people living in the area the Martha’s Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL) was created and used in so many households that had Deaf members. Another great man 6 named, Thomas Hopkin Gallaudet is accredited for the promotion of signing methods in America. He later partnered up with Dr. Mason Cogswell to research methods for Deaf chi ldren in Europe (History).Once Thomas had reached American the first Deaf school was opened in 1817, â€Å"American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. † It was at this very school that ASL was born and where all different Sign Languages could influence the making of ASL. Today this school is now known as, American School for the Deaf. The children that attended this school later graduated and moved on to opening their own Deaf schools in the United States, influencing the language to thousands of Deaf children and adults. American Sign Language wasn’t always accepted and had some difficult time being accepted within society.Near the end of the 1800’s the use of oralism was imposed on the Deaf. He didn’t believe that ASL was a language that should be used. He believed the Deaf were being lazy and could learn to speak. With this movement it had hindered the growth of ASL in many Deaf communities across America. Deaf individuals couldn’t use their hands to communicate anymore and had to try their best at speaking for what they wanted. This completely crushed the education and language they were destined to have. They no longer could understand anyone let alone themselves, no language meant isolation (History).Carol Padden and Tom Humphries are co-authors of the book Inside Deaf Culture. In chapter 6, they show the similarities with the past silent films to the modern day silent Deaf theater. There is no difference within the two but for some reason with the modern society that we live in, its taboo for silent Deaf theater. People do not 7 understand Deaf people in general enough to understand and appreciate the Deaf theater. Deaf theater is part of Deaf culture, when learning the language you have to be able to show gestures which are used in silent films and Deaf theater (Padden and Humphries 123-143).Deaf people have been pushed in so many different directions with so many people making changes on what they should be doing. The bot tom line is; no language and no culture there is only isolation which the Deaf people will no longer allow. With all of these milestones in the history of the Deaf culture, there is only more to come. Abbe de l'Epee was a great man that gave a â€Å"voice† to those Deaf people who were silenced by their communities (About American). With the help of Thomas Gallaudet, Gallaudet University would have never set off the major awareness about deafness to America.Gallaudet University was the place that paved the way for many Deaf Americans to stand up and educate those around them of their language and culture (Deaf President Now). Methodology This research paper is on the topic of Deaf culture in America. The major question that I will be researching is what is Deaf culture? This paper will also be exploring these sub-questions in order to conclude the research paper; what constitutes Deaf culture, how has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community, and what are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today?This topic is very detailed and so many unexplored areas. There will be a few different ways in researching this project. There will be a survey asking the general public and Deaf communities a simple question of, what is 8 Deaf culture. This question will allow me to be able to show the major differences between the two different communities. This research will also be using the Gallaudet University website to do most of my research. With the help of Gallaudet University website, other sources were found. Gallaudet has done so much research on topics today that Deaf communities are facing and also on Deaf culture.Gallaudet is the best source to receive and find information on this topic and very reliable. I will be answering the following sub-questions: 1. What Constitutes Deaf Culture? Using the dictionary. com for definition of culture shows what is involved within a culture. This definition will better show the true meaning o f culture and show that Deaf culture is indeed a culture. Knowing the definition will help others understand Deaf culture. There will be a one question survey asking a mixture of Deaf and hearing people this question to get an idea as to how many know about Deaf culture or the definition of culture. . How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? Looking through the history from signgenius. com, will give a better understand how American Sign Language has impacted the Deaf communities. Gallaudet University has also published an article called â€Å"About American Deaf Culture† which gives you an insight on the impact it has caused. 3. What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? 9 Gallaudet University archives will be assisting in answering this question and also the National Association for the Deaf.This question will have a long list of items, but this paper will be touching upon the most important topic of today. Once all of these sub-questions are answered, the goal is to get the general public to understand the Deaf community better and understand the meaning of Deaf culture. This research in hope will make others more interested in researching more on their own and answer more of their questions. I have already started to ask questions to the general public and to Deaf communities as I go along. I am collecting my answers and putting them into similar answered piles to make up some kind of percentage I could use in my paper.I am also researching the Gallaudet University archives for facts on each topic. I will be using the facts I find from Gallaudet University and from the questions that were answered by the people to confirm my findings in my paper. Results This paper is intended to answer the major question, what is Deaf culture? This question is also followed by three sub-questions to help answer my major question. (1) What constitutes Deaf culture? (2) How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? (3) What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today?These sub-questions will also in the end answer many other questions that might arise when reading this paper. The plan is to educate others who are unaware of this topic. Culture has been defined in a way that many believe deafness couldn’t possibly be 10 in its own category of culture (J, Michelle). This paper will be explaining that Deaf culture is indeed a true culture and should be respected just as much as other cultures. What Constitutes Deaf Culture? In order to answer this first question, what constitutes Deaf culture, we need to first look at the definition of culture.The definition is explained by Dictionary. com: 1. The quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, ect. 2. That which is excellent in arts, manners, etc. 3. A particular form or stage of civilization, as that of certain n ation or period: Greek culture. 4. Development or improvement of the mind by education or training. 5. The Behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group: the youth culture; the drug culture.Just like any culture in the world, Deaf culture consists of social beliefs, values, behaviors, literary traditions, and art which are explained above in the definition (About American). A Deaf house hold will have the same way of communication and how they are able to live within a hearing world. Flashing lights will be the first thing noticed within a Deaf house hold. They flash their lights to get attention of another family member or their alarms, doorbell, and telephone are connected to some kind of flashing device. American Sign Language (ASL) is also shared within the Deaf culture.This language is very important to the way they communicate. This language is very visual 11 and abstract, it’s important to have every detail laid out in the language i n order for a Deaf person to understand what is being said (Padden and Humphries 123-126). ASL shares no similarity to English grammatically; it doesn’t share any aspect of English in any way broken, gestural or even mimed. English uses the subject-object-verb while ASL uses topic-comment syntax. Sign language has been developed specific to their communities and isn’t universal (Nakamura).There are also small communities set up all over for Deaf people to come together and share information or just to have great conversations. These communities are very important to the Deaf culture because there are not a lot of Deaf people living in one area, in order to meet and learn information from each other they have little communities set up and have monthly gatherings. These communities are much like the ones you will find in small villages and tribes but in large industrial societies (Wilcox 2-5). How has American Sign Language Impacted the Deaf Community?To start out with a nswering this question I would like to give a little background on ASL just so there is a more understanding as to what ASL is and how it impacted the Deaf communities in America. ASL is a complete and refined language. ASL contains its own grammar, culture, and syntax. The standardized Sign Language can date back in the early seventeen hundreds which supports the ASL’s origins. ASL isn’t a written form of language and cannot be written into English. When translating ASL it is completely different from the English language (J, Michelle).Abbe de l'Epee was from Paris and developed the Old French Sign Language in his Deaf school in 1754. This was the first 12 time that Deaf individuals had a school they could attend and allowed to learn. This was the frame work in the making for ASL. Meanwhile, in America, Martha’s Vineyard the birth rate of Deaf people where astonishingly high. The Deaf people that lived in Martha’s Vineyard had a genetic code that caused deafness at birth. While there were so many Deaf people living in the area the Martha’s Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL) was created and used in so many households that had Deaf members (History).Another great man named, Thomas Hopkin Gallaudet is accredited for the promotion of signing methods in America. He later partnered up with Dr. Mason Cogswell to research methods for Deaf children in Europe. Once Thomas had reached American the first Deaf school was opened in 1817, â€Å"American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. † It was at this very school that ASL was born and where all different Sign Languages could influence the making of ASL. Today this school is now known as, American School for the Deaf.The children that attended this school later graduated and moved on to opening their own Deaf schools in the United States, influencing the language to thousands of Deaf children and adults. American Sign Language wasn’t always accepted and had some difficult time being accepted within society. Near the end of the 1800’s the use of oralism was imposed on the Deaf. Linguist believes that ASL wasn’t a language that should be used. They believed the Deaf were being lazy and could learn to speak. With this movement it had hindered the growth of ASL in many Deaf communities across America.Deaf individuals couldn’t use their hands to communicate anymore and had to try their best at speaking for what they wanted (History). This completely crushed the education and language they were destined to have. They no longer could understand anyone let alone 13 themselves, no language meant isolation. With this isolation came frustration. They were looked at as disabled and unable to function. No one thought anything of a Deaf person, they pushed them in the back of the classrooms and allowed them to sit there all day until school was finished (History). What are the Major Issues within the Deaf Community Today?There is one major issue that is hitting home for just about all Deaf communities in America. Deaf schools are closing throughout the entire United States. There were 63 Deaf schools in the United States; that is no longer the case (U. S. State). Currently there are about 12 different Deaf schools in the United States that are in jeopardy of closing, 9 of these schools are in New York alone. The cause of these schools closing is the proposal of saving money for each state. These schools are government funded even though they are private schools. The government officials are trying to cut down budget by closing these schools.They are also proposing that these students from the Deaf school attend the mainstream schools that are in their area. They think it’s as simple as that but it really isn’t. It is hard for a Deaf student to get an interpreter that is willing to stay throughout the entire school year with them (NAD). The advantages of a Deaf school are the following: 1. Exposure to Deaf culture. Chi ldren who are sent to Deaf schools are exposed to the culture and language. It is important that they are exposed to understand who they are and to provide self-esteem. 2. The environmental learning that surrounds the children is essential to their 4 language. Communication is very vital to any person in the world, being able to speak the same language in school provide a better learning experience. 3. Deaf schools prevent children from falling into education and social gaps. They are able to learn important life skills just like every other child. 4. Deaf schools that are closed translate into job losses for those that are Deaf teachers. These Deaf teachers are less likely to be hired into a public school (Stop Closing). Another issue has also risen in the year of 2003. This may not be an issue for the general public but it has become an issue for the Deaf communities.Before explaining this I do want to take the time to share the true passion the Deaf have for their culture. It is true that many Deaf people wouldn’t do anything to change their life, such as being able to hear. They love and accept who they are and embrace their Deafness and their culture (J, Michelle). With that being said, scientists have been able to identify 30,000 genes that make up the human being, this also including genes that cause Deafness. In the mix of all of the new findings colleges and universities all over were starting to offer American Sign Language courses.American Sign Language courses are among the fifteen most popular taught languages across the United States. With this genetic information doctors and scientists are approaching their goal in being able to identify and correct the gene for Deafness. With this possibility it will most likely eliminate Deafness and American Sign Language. This is a big blow to most Deaf communities across the United States because their culture is very precious to them (Padden and Humphries 163- 15 166). They are not looking to be â⠂¬Å"corrected† they are looking to be understood by others.This is causing a lot of doctors to do more examinations of them instead of understanding them at all. Deaf people do not want to be looked at as some kind of science experiment. Each year there are thousands of Deaf children that are getting implanted with a cochlea implant; this helps the eardrum to react to sound. With these implants they hinder the learning process of language because these children are not taught ASL, they are forced to talk instead. These implants are also a big problem when it comes to needed an MRI or even a lifesaving defibrillator.An MRI or defibrillator could cause the implant to explode and kill the person instantly (163-166). From the above questions stated, there is much to research and so many more questions that may arise. With the research presented in this chapter, the conclusion is somewhat vague but is the building block of what to come in the next chapters of this paper. Again to r einstate the meaning of the word culture once again; culture consists of social beliefs, values, behaviors, literary traditions, and art (J, Michelle). Deaf culture also has the same categories that are stated above.Survey A survey was conducted by myself of 50 different people. This was only a one question survey, what is Deaf culture? The survey was with 25 people from the general public and 25 people from the Deaf communities. It’s important to have asked the same question to the Deaf communities because not every Deaf person were exposed to the Deaf culture or even use American Sign Language (J, Michelle). The results of this survey are: 16 20 people answered with, â€Å"Deaf culture? Is there such a thing? † 5 people answered with, â€Å"Deaf culture? I never heard of it. † people answered with, â€Å"A group of people, meeting together once a month. † 10 people answered with, â€Å" Deaf culture is when history and traditions are shared and passed down to the next generations. † 10 people answered with, â€Å" Traditions, history, stories, and beliefs are passed down and shared with Deaf families. Having Deaf children passes down these traditions that are shared. † Some of these answers have the full idea of what Deaf culture is and others are unaware of Deaf culture. This goes to show that there are a lot of people out there that do not know what Deaf culture is or even that it exist.I hope that this paper will create curiosity and learn more about it. Summary There is a huge gap in knowledge among the general public on Deaf culture (Padden and Humphries). The way Deaf people act in their daily lives may confuse others. Because the general public might think the way Deaf people act is taboo; they think Deaf people have learning, psychological disabilities because it is not normal for them. The purpose of this paper is to educate others that are unaware of the Deaf culture here in America (J, Michelle). Education is power and once people understand more, they are more accepting.The major question is; what is Deaf culture? In order to make this a 17 successful paper and to be able to answer this question there are the following sub- questions. (1) What constitutes Deaf culture? (2) How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? (3) What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? These sub-questions help understand and answer the major question. Research wasn’t only based on internet, books, and journals; I also took it upon myself to question 50 people. The question that was asked is what is Deaf culture?When asking this question I have found some interesting answers and it also supports the purpose of researching this paper. The methodology of this paper is clear and simple. Finding a lot of credible sources satisfies my research paper and also having a one question survey to the general public and Deaf communities in order to support the purpos e of this paper. The Gallaudet University website has amazing sources to use and also helped guide in choosing the right books/websites to do this research. Gallaudet also gets a lot of their research and studies from these two authors, Carol Padden and Tom Humphries.These two authors are very knowledgeable in Deaf culture and how the communities are run; they have taken the time to study the Deaf communities in order to write their books. What really motivated me to do this research is a quote from Rev. Jesse L. Jackson, â€Å"The problem is not the students do not hear. The problem is that the hearing world does not listen. † (Deaf President Now) This quote is sums up the realization that the general public in America are unaware of Deafness and the culture that Deaf people share. In 1988, the ally that went on at Gallaudet University, Deaf President Now, set off major awareness of the Deaf communities in the United States. This was the beginning of what would 18 change how people perceived the Deaf communities to be. Although, this was 25 years ago, the Deaf communities are still trying to get the awareness out. The Deaf communities are still trying to educate the United States that they are not to be perceived as people with disabilities and are unable to do much, but perfectly able bodies that can do just about anything but hear (Deaf President Now).With all my research I want to be able to share a brief summary as to how I was able to answer these sub-questions I created in order to answer the major question. My research was pretty extensive and it took some time to break it down enough to give a direct answer to each sub-question. What Constitutes Deaf Culture? Dictionary. com has provided the definition of culture in order to answer the important question, what is Deaf culture? Giving the definition of culture is a great base to start off of. Being able to understand the definition will give a better understanding of how Deaf culture fits in the same criteria of any culture.Deaf culture has been debatable by many as to whether it was considered a culture or not. Just by putting the definition of culture and explaining all the components that make up a culture and how Deaf culture has the same components, already answers the major question but it’s still only half the answer. I have also asked a single question to 50 people on what they thought Deaf culture was. This also supported the fact that the general public is not knowledgeable in this topic. 19 How has American Sign Language Impacted the Deaf Community?Carol Padden and Tom Humphries have extensive knowledge about Deaf communities and how the impact of American Sign Language has made on Deaf communities. In order to answer this question, it required a brief history review. In order to understand how hard it was for the Deaf to communicate without sign language I believe gives another perspective on how important American Sign Language is to the Deaf communitie s. Also This helps answers the first sub-question by adding that American Sign Language is part of their culture because it’s a language that is shared throughout the communities and will be passed down to the generations to come.What are the Major Issues within the Deaf Community Today? The NAD (National Association for the Deaf) has been reporting on the major issues in the Deaf communities. As of the present day there are not enough Deaf schools around. This is a major problem because language skills, social skills, and the exposure the children get to their culture are very important (NAD). These schools are being shut down due to the fact there is very little knowledge as to how important these schools are to the Deaf communities. This topic is very important to mention because it also answers my first and second sub-questions.This issue shows how important it is to preserve American Sign Language along with their culture. Children in this generation are having a hard ti me with being able to be exposed to the Deaf culture because these schools are unable to be open to provide this exposure. In order for schools to stay open the government has to be educated in Deaf culture and their language. Without the knowledge they will continue to make these devastating decisions (Stop Closing). 20 Discussion of Results With this research I have found that the knowledge about Deaf culture in general is very minimal within the United States.We are aware of Deafness but we are not aware of the culture and the language that represents these people. In the books by Carol Padden and Tom Humphries, they basically summed up how misunderstood the Deaf communities are. Deaf communities are look at as being disabled and in need of help when that is far from the facts. With this paper and the resources I have provided in it will hopefully prompt others to look more into this topic and educate themselves about Deaf culture. With the three sub-questions that I have choose, (1) What constitutes Deaf culture? 2) How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? (3) What are the major issues that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? I believe I have answered them all in detail and they all strongly support and answer my major question; what is Deaf culture? In conclusion to this paper, I believe it is safe to say that with more knowledge in this topic the Deaf communities will be able to preserve their culture and be understood more as individual Americans. Deafness is not a weakness it is just a miss component to the five senses. Deafness shouldn’t be considered a disability but as an opportunity. 1 Work Cited â€Å"About American Deaf Culture. † Gallaudet University . N. p.. Web. 2 Mar 2013. ;http://www. gallaudet. edu/clerc_center /information_and_resources/info_to_go /educate_children_(3_to_21) /resources_for_mainstream_programs /effective_inclusion/including_deaf_culture /about_american_deaf_culture. html;. â€Å"Amer ican Sign Language:History. † SignGenius. N. p.. Web. 3 Mar 2013. ;http://www. signgenius. com /american-sign-language/american- sign-language-history. shtml;. â€Å"Deaf President Now. † Gallaudet University . N. p.. Web. 2 Mar 2013. ;http://www. gallaudet. du /Gallaudet_University/About_Gallaudet /DPN_Home/Impact. html;. J, Michelle. â€Å"Deaf Culture Uncovered. † Articlesbase (2008): n. pag. Web. 2 Mar 2013. ;http://www. articlesbase. com/languages-articles /deaf-culture-uncovered-612047. html;. â€Å"NAD Action Alert: Preserve State Schools for the Deaf. † National Association of the Deaf. N. p. , 16 FEB 2011. Web. 3 Apr 2013. ;http://www. nad. org/news/2011/2/nad-action- 22 alert-preserve-state-schools-deaf;. Nakamura, Karen. â€Å"About American Sign Language. † Deaf Resource Library. N. p. , 13 Jul 1995. Web. 3 Apr 2013. lt;http://www. deaflibrary. org/asl. html Padden, Carol, and Tom Humphries. Inside Deaf Culture. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2005. Print. â€Å"Stop Closing Schools for the Deaf. † Deaf Think Tank. N. p. , 27 Sep 2012. Web. 3 Apr 2013. ;http://deafthinktank. org/stop-closing-schools -for-the-deaf/;. â€Å"U. S. State Residential Schools for the Deaf. † Deaf Education. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Apr 2013. ;http://www. deafed. net /PageText. asp? hdnPageId=105;. Wilcox, Sherman. American Deaf Culture: An Anthology. Burtonsville, Maryland: Linstok Press, 1989. 2-5. Print.